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Computer Organization and Design : The Hardware/Software Interface

Patterson, David A.; Hennessy, John L.
ISBN-10: 1558606041
ISBN-13: 9781558606043

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This is a revision of the classic introduction to the field for all computer scientists and engineers. It includes improved examples of current architectures and updated pipelining and memory chapters to address modern processors.The third edition uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA. Presents the assembler-to-HLL translations in both C and Java. Highlights the latest developments in architecture in Real Stuff sections: Intel IA-32; + Power PC 604; + Google's PC cluster; + Pentium P4; + SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processors; + SPEC Web99 benchmark for web servers; + EEMBC benchmark for embedded systems; + AMD Opteron memory hierarchy; + AMD vs. 1A-64.David A. Patterson is currently serving on the IT advisory committee to the U.S. President and has just been elected President of the A.C.M.John L. Hennessy is the president of Stanford University, where he has been a member of the faculty since 1977 in the department of electrical engineering and computer science.The performance of software systems is dramatically affected by how well software designers understand the basic hardware technologies at work in a system. Similarly, hardware designers must understand the far-reaching effects their design decisions have on software applications. For readers in either category, this classic introduction to the field provides a look deep into the computer. It demonstrates the relationships between the software and hardware and focuses on the foundational concepts that are the basis for current computer design. As with previous editions, a MIPS processor is the core used to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies at work in a computer system. The book presents an entire MIPS instruction setinstruction by instructionthe fundamentals of assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies, and I/O, and introduces the essentials of network and multiprocessor architectures. A new aspect of the third edition is the explicit connection between program performance and CPU performance. The authors show how hardware and software componentssuch as the specific algorithm, programming language, compiler, instruction set architecture, and processor implementationimpact program performance. This edition also digs deeper into related hardware and software issues, offering specific material on the CD for readers with a hardware or software focus. A CD provides a toolkit of simulators and compilers along with tutorials for using them. Also by the same authors: Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Third Edition, the classic reference for computer systems analysis and design. F E A T U R E S * Entire text has been updated to reflect new technology * Uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA * Highlights the latest developments in architecture: + Intel IA-32 + Power PC 604 + Pentium P4 + Googles PC cluster + SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processors + vSPEC Web99 benchmark for web + EEMBC benchmark for embedded systems + AMD Opteron memory hierarchy + AMD vs. 1A-64 + Intrinsitys FastMATH processor servers * New material for a Hardware Focus + Using logic design conventions + Designing with hardware description languages + Advanced pipelining + Designing with FPGAs + HDL simulators and tutorials + Xilinx CAD tools * New material for a Software Focus + How compilers work + How to optimize compilers + How to implement object oriented languages + History sections on programming languages, compilers, operating systems, and databasesA revised printing for this book will be available inJune 2007! Whats New in the Third Edition, Revised Printing The same great book gets better! The revised printing features all of the original content along with these additional features: Appendix A (Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator) has been moved from the CD-ROM into the printed book Corrections and bug fixes Click here to request a desk copy of the revised printing! About the Third Edition In addition to thoroughly updating every aspect of the text to reflect the most current computing technology, the third edition *Uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA. *Presents the assembler-to-HLL translations in both C and Java. *Highlights the latest developments in architecture in Real Stuff sections: + Intel IA-32 + Power PC 604 + Googles PC cluster + Pentium P4 + SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processors + SPEC Web99 benchmark for web servers + EEMBC benchmark for embedded systems + AMD Opteron memory hierarchy + AMD vs. 1A-64 New support for distinct course goals Many of the adopters who have used our book throughout its two editions are refining their courses with a greater hardware or software focus. We have provided new material to support these course goals: New material to support a Hardware Focus +Using logic design conventions +Designing with hardware description languages +Advanced pipelining +Designing with FPGAs +HDL simulators and tutorials +Xilinx CAD tools New material to support a Software Focus +How compilers Work +How to optimize compilers +How to implement object oriented languages +MIPS simulator and tutorial +History sections on programming languages, compilers, operating systems and databases Whats New in the Third Edition New pedagogical features Understanding Program Performance -Analyzes key performance issues from the programmers perspective Check Yourself Questions -Helps students assess their understanding of key points of a section Computers In the Real World -Illustrates the diversity of applications of computing technology beyond traditional desktop and servers For More Practice -Provides students with additional problems they can tackle In More Depth -Presents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced student New reference features Highlighted glossary terms and definitions appear on the book page, as bold-faced entries in the index, and as a separate and searchable reference on the CD. A complete index of the material in the book and on the CD appears in the printed index and the CD includes a fully searchable version of the same index. Historical Perspectives and Further Readings have been updated and expanded to include the history of software R&D. CD-Library provides materials collected from the web which directly support the text. On the CD CD-Bars: Full length sections that are introduced in the book and presented on the CD CD-Appendixes: The entire set of appendixes CD-Library: Materials collected from the web which directly support the text CD-Exercises:For More Practiceprovides exercises and solutions for self-study In More Depthpresents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced or curious student Glossary: Terms that are defined in the text are collected in this searchable reference Further Reading: References are organized by the chapter they support Software: HDL simulators, MIPS simulators, and FPGA design tools Tutorials: SPIM, Verilog, and VHDL Additional Support: Processor ModeIn addition to thoroughly updating every aspect of the text to reflect the most current computing technology, the third edition *Uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA. *Presents the assembler-to-HLL translations in both C and Java. *Highlights the latest developments in architecture in Real Stuff sections: + Intel IA-32 + Power PC 604 + Googles PC cluster + Pentium P4 + SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processors + SPEC Web99 benchmark for web servers + EEMBC benchmark for embedded systems + AMD Opteron memory hierarchy + AMD vs. 1A-64 New support for distinct course goals Many of the adopters who have used our book throughout its two editions are refining their courses with a greater hardware or software focus. We have provided new material to support these course goals: New material to support a Hardware Focus +Using logic design conventions +Designing with hardware description languages +Advanced pipelining +Designing with FPGAs +HDL simulators and tutorials +Xilinx CAD tools New material to support a Software Focus +How compilers Work +How to optimize compilers +How to implement object oriented languages +MIPS simulator and tutorial +History sections on programming languages, compilers, operating systems and databases Whats New in the Third Edition New pedagogical features Understanding Program Performance -Analyzes key performance issues from the programmers perspective Check Yourself Questions -Helps students assess their understanding of key points of a section Computers In the Real World -Illustrates the diversity of applications of computing technology beyond traditional desktop and servers For More Practice -Provides students with additional problems they can tackle In More Depth -Presents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced student New reference features Highlighted glossary terms and definitions appear on the book page, as bold-faced entries in the index, and as a separate and searchable reference on the CD. A complete index of the material in the book and on the CD appears in the printed index and the CD includes a fully searchable version of the same index. Historical Perspectives and Further Readings have been updated and expanded to include the history of software R&d. CD-Library provides materials collected from the web which directly support the text. On the CD CD-Bars: Full length sections that are introduced in the book and presented on the CD CD-Appendixes: The entire set of appendixes CD-Library: Materials collected from the web which directly support the text CD-Exercises: For More Practice provides exercises and solutions for self-study In More Depth presents new information and challenging exercises for the advanced or curious student Glossary: Terms that are defined in the text are collected in this searchable reference Further Reading: References are organized by the chapter they support Software: HDL simulators, MIPS simulators, and FPGA design tools Tutorials: SPIM, Verilog, and VHDL Additional Support: Processor Models, Labs, Homeworks, Index covering the book and CD contents Instructor Support + Instructor Support is provided in a password-protected site to adopters who request the password from our sales representative + Solutions to all the exercises + Figures from the book in a number of formats + Lecture slides prepared by the authors and other instructors + Lecture notesA thourough update of the Morgan Kaufmann classic.The choice of Real Stuff is judicious. The Computers in the Real World sections are interesting to read and should widen the horizons of the too often too tech-oriented Sophomores and Juniors. On the whole this is a very solid book and the success of the third edition is assured as has been the success of its two predecessors. Jean-Loup Baer, University of Washington I am very impressed with the new sections 'Computers in the Real World.' It is very interesting and speaks to the students who would like to feel a connection between classroom materials and real-world applications. I am very pleased with the manuscript for the third edition. This revision is well-updated and a comprehensive introduction to the hardware and software fundamentals. David Brooks, Harvard University The logical development and explanations and examples were always great to begin with. The Historical Perspectives have become even better-- they are part of the book that I enjoy most. David Harris, Harvey MuddIn addition to thoroughly updating every aspect of the text to reflect the most current computing technology, the third edition BR*Uses standard 32-bit MIPS 32 as the primary teaching ISA.BR*Presents the assembler-to-HLL translations in both C and Java.BR*Highlights the latest developments in architecture in Real Stuff sections: BR+ Intel IA-32BR+ Power PC 604BR+ Google's PC clusterBR+ Pentium P4BR+ SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite for processorsBR+ SPEC Web99 benchmark for web serversBR+ EEMBC benchmark for embedded systemsBR+ AMD Opteron memory hierarchyBR+ AMD vs. 1A-64 PNew support for distinct course goals BRMany of the adopters who have used our book throughout its two editions are refining their courses with a greater hardware or software focus. We have provided new material to support these course goals: BR"New material to support a Hardware Focus BR+Using logic design conventionsBR+Designing with hardware description languagesBR+Advanced pipeliningBR+Designing with,FPGAsBR+HDL simulators and tutorialsBR+Xilinx CAD tools BR"New material to support a Software Focus BR+How compilers WorkBR+How to optimize compilersBR+How to implement object oriented languagesBR+MIPS simulator and tutorialBR+History sections on programming languages, compilers, operating systems and databases BR"What's New in the Third Edition BRNew pedagogical features BR"Understanding Program Performance BR-Analyzes key performance issues from the programmer's perspective BR"Check Yourself Questions BR-Helps students assess their understanding of key points of a section BR"Computers In the Real World BR-Illustrates the diversity of applications ofcomputing technology beyond traditional desktop and servers BR"For More PracticeBR-Provides students with additional problems they can tackle BR"In More Depth BR-Presents new information and challenging exercises for

Preface	p. ix
Computer Abstractions and Technology	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
Below Your Program	p. 11
Under the Covers	p. 15
Real Stuff: Manufacturing Pentium 4. Chips	p. 28
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 33
Concluding Remarks	p. 35
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 36
Exercises	p. 36
Computers in the Real World: Information Technology for the 4. Billion without IT	p. 44
Instructions: Language of the Computer	p. 46
Introduction	p. 48
Operations of the Computer Hardware	p. 49
Operands of the Computer Hardware	p. 52
Representing Instructions in the Computer	p. 60
Logical Operations	p. 68
Instructions for Making Decisions	p. 72
Supporting Procedures in Computer Hardware	p. 79
Communicating with People	p. 90
MIPS Addressing for 32-Bit Immediates and Addresses	p. 95
Translating and Starting a Program	p. 106
How Compilers Optimize	p. 116
How Compilers Work: An Introduction	p. 121
A C Sort Example to Put It All Together	p. 121
Implementing an Object-Oriented Language	p. 130
Arrays versus Pointers	p. 130
Real Stuff: IA-32 Instructions	p. 134
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 143
Concluding Remarks	p. 145
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 147
Exercises	p. 147
Computers in the Real World: Helping Save Our Environment with Data	p. 156
Arithmetic for Computers	p. 158
Introduction	p. 160
Signed and Unsigned Numbers	p. 160
Addition and Subtraction	p. 170
Multiplication	p. 176
Division	p. 183
Floating Point	p. 189
Real Stuff: Floating Point in the IA-32	p. 217
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 220
Concluding Remarks	p. 225
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 229
Exercises	p. 229
Computers in the Real World: Reconstructing the Ancient World	p. 236
Assessing and Understanding Performance	p. 238
Introduction	p. 240
CPU Performance and Its Factors	p. 246
Evaluating Performance	p. 254
Real Stuff: Two SPEC Benchmarks and the Performance of Recent Intel Processors	p. 259
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 266
Concluding Remarks	p. 270
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 272
Exercises	p. 272
Computers in The Real World: Moving People Faster and More Safely	p. 280
The Processor: Datapath and Control	p. 282
Introduction	p. 284
Logic Design Conventions	p. 289
Building a Datapath	p. 292
A Simple Implementation Scheme	p. 300
A Multicycle Implementation	p. 318
Exceptions	p. 340
Microprogramming: Simplifying Control Design	p. 346
An Introduction to Digital Design Using a Hardware Design Language	p. 346
Real Stuff: The Organization of Recent Pentium Implementations	p. 347
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 350
Concluding Remarks	p. 352
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 353
Exercises	p. 354
Computers in the Real World: Empowering the Disabled	p. 366
Enhancing Performance with Pipelining	p. 368
An Overview of Pipelining	p. 370
A Pipelined Datapath	p. 384
Pipelined Control	p. 399
Data Hazards and Forwarding	p. 402
Data Hazards and Stalls	p. 413
Branch Hazards	p. 416
Using a Hardware Description Language to Describe and Model a Pipeline	p. 426
Exceptions	p. 427
Advanced Pipelining: Extracting More Performance	p. 432
Real Stuff: The Pentium 4. Pipeline	p. 448
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 451
Concluding Remarks	p. 452
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 454
Exercises	p. 454
Computers in the Real World: Mass Communication without Gatekeepers	p. 464
Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy	p. 466
Introduction	p. 468
The Basics of Caches	p. 473
Measuring and Improving Cache Performance	p. 492
Virtual Memory	p. 511
A Common Framework for Memory Hierarchies	p. 538
Real Stuff: The Pentium P4 and the AMD Opteron Memory Hierarchies	p. 546
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 550
Concluding Remarks	p. 552
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 555
Exercises	p. 555
Computers in the Real World: Saving the World's Art Treasures	p. 562
Storage, Networks, and Other Peripherals	p. 564
Introduction	p. 566
Disk Storage and Dependability	p. 569
Networks	p. 580
Buses and Other Connections between Processors, Memory, and I/O Devices	p. 581
Interfacing I/O Devices to the Processor, Memory, and Operating System	p. 588
I/O Performance Measures: Examples from Disk and File Systems	p. 597
Designing an I/O System	p. 600
Real Stuff: A Digital Camera	p. 603
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 606
Concluding Remarks	p. 609
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 611
Exercises	p. 611
Computers in the Real World: Saving Lives through Better Diagnosis	p. 622
Multiprocessors and Clusters	p. 2
Introduction	p. 4
Programming Multiprocessors	p. 8
Multiprocessors Connected by a Single Bus	p. 11
Multiprocessors Connected by a Network	p. 20
Clusters	p. 25
Network Topologies	p. 27
Multiprocessors Inside a Chip and Multithreading	p. 30
Real Stuff: The Google Cluster of PCs	p. 34
Fallacies and Pitfalls	p. 39
Concluding Remarks	p. 42
Historical Perspective and Further Reading	p. 47
Exercises	p. 55
Appendices
Assemblers, Linkers, and the SPIM Simulator	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
Assemblers	p. 10
Linkers	p. 18
Loading	p. 19
Memory Usage	p. 20
Procedure Call Convention	p. 22
Exceptions and Interrupts	p. 33
Input and Output	p. 38
SPIM	p. 40
MIPS R2000 Assembly Language	p. 45
Concluding Remarks	p. 81
Exercises	p. 82
The Basics of Logic Design	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
Gates, Truth Tables, and Logic Equations	p. 4
Combinational Logic	p. 8
Using a Hardware Description Language	p. 20
Constructing a Basic Arithmetic Logic Unit	p. 26
Faster Addition: Carry Lookahead	p. 38
Clocks	p. 47
Memory Elements: Flip-flops, Latches, and Registers	p. 49
Memory Elements: SRAMs and DRAMs	p. 57
Finite State Machines	p. 67
Timing Methodologies	p. 72
Field Programmable Devices	p. 77
Concluding Remarks	p. 78
Exercises	p. 79
Mapping Control to Hardware	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
Implementing Combinational Control Units	p. 4
Implementing Finite State Machine Control	p. 8
Implementing the Next-State Function with a Sequencer	p. 21
Translating a Microprogram to Hardware	p. 27
Concluding Remarks	p. 31
Exercises	p. 32
A Survey of RISC Architectures for Desktop, Server, and Embedded Computers	p. 2
Introduction	p. 3
Addressing Modes and Instruction Formats	p. 5
Instructions: The MIPS Core Subset	p. 9
Instructions: Multimedia Extensions of the Desktop/Server RISCs	p. 16
Instructions: Digital Signal-Processing Extensions of the Embedded RISCs	p. 19
Instructions: Common Extensions to MIPS Core	p. 20
Instructions Unique to MIPS64	p. 25
Instructions Unique to Alpha	p. 27
Instructions Unique to SPARC v.9	p. 29
Instructions Unique to PowerPC	p. 32
Instructions Unique to PA-RISC 2.0	p. 34
Instructions Unique to ARM	p. 36
Instructions Unique to Thumb	p. 38
Instructions Unique to SuperH	p. 39
Instructions Unique to M32R	p. 40
Instructions Unique to MIPS16	p. 41
Concluding Remarks	p. 43
Acknowledgments	p. 46
References	p. 47
Index	p. 1
Glossary	p. 1
Further Reading	p. 1
Table of Contents provided by Rittenhouse. All Rights Reserved.

List price:	$64.95
Edition:	3rd 2004 (Revised)
Publisher:	Elsevier Science & Technology Books
Binding:	Trade Paper
Pages:	656
Size:	7.75" wide x 8.75" long x 1.00" tall
Weight:	3.04 lbs.
Language:	English

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Computer Organization and Design : The Hardware/Software Interface

Patterson, David A.; Hennessy, John L.
ISBN-10: 1558606041
ISBN-13: 9781558606043

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Computer Organization and Design : The Hardware/Software Interface

Patterson, David A.; Hennessy, John L. ISBN-10: 1558606041 ISBN-13: 9781558606043

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Patterson, David A.; Hennessy, John L.
ISBN-10: 1558606041
ISBN-13: 9781558606043