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Experiment! Planning, Implementing and Interpreting

Andersson, Oivind
ISBN-10: 0470688254
ISBN-13: 9780470688250

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This book is unique since no methodologies for experimenters exist that put practical tools into a scientific context. There are plenty of books discussing fundamentals of scientific thought on a strictly philosophical level. There are also books that cover statistical tools without discussing how measurement data are turned into scientific results.
Surveying the market, you find no books that merge these aspects of science into a practical workable methodology for experimenters. The book will be organized in two parts: the first one a general introduction to the scientific approach and the second describing tools and methodology. Part one introduces concepts and ideas that will be used later. A historical chapter describes the birth of scientific thought with the focus on the experimental method. This is followed by a discussion about what science is, and is not. It finishes with a discussion about differences between science and engineering. Part two features a number of selected historical experiments to explore what is characteristic of good experiments. This is followed by statistical methods that are used in the subsequent methodology, including design of experiments (DoE). Even for those who will not use DoE regularly, it is useful to be familiar with the method as it helps understand the importance of separating effects of different factors in an experiment. The remaining chapters present the methodology which leads the reader through an experimental investigation in four phases: planning, data collection, analysis, and synthesis. At the very end, a short introduction to project management is given, which will be useful for students responsible for their own projects. A detailed description of the contents is given below. Every chapter contains examples and exercises making it equally suited as course literature or for self-studies.
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Preface
Understanding the World
You, the Discoverer
Venturing into the Unknown
Embarking on a Ph.D
The Art of Discovery
About this Book
How to Use this Book
Further Reading
References
What is Science?
Characteristics of the Scientific Approach
The Inductive Method
The Hypothetico-Deductive Method
Consequences of Falsification
The Role of Confirmation
Perception is Personal
The Scientific Community
Summary
Further Reading
References
Science's Childhood
Infancy
Ionian Dawn
Divine Mathematics
Adolescence - Revolution!
The Children of the Revolution
Summary
Further Reading
References
Science Inclined to Experiment
Galileo's Important Experiment
Experiment or Hoax?
Reconstructing the Experiment
Getting the Swing of Things
The Message from the Plane
Summary
References
Scientists, Engineers and Other Poets
Research and Development
Characteristics of Research
Building Theories
The Relationship between Theory and Reality
Creativity
Summary
Further Reading
References
Interfering with the World
Experiment!
What is an Experiment?
Questions, Answers and Experiments
A Gallery of Experiments
Reflections on the Exhibition
Summary
Further Reading
References
Basic Statistics
The Role of Statistics in Data Analysis
Populations and Samples
Descriptive Statistics
Probability Distribution
The Central Limit Effect
Normal Probability Plots
Confidence Intervals
The t-Distribution
Summary
Further Reading
References
Statistics for Experiments
A Teatime Experiment
The Importance of Randomization
One-Sided and Two-Sided Tests
The t-Test for One Sample
The Power of a Test
Comparing Two Samples
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
A Measurement System Analysis
Other Useful Hypothesis Tests
Interpreting p-Values
Correlation
Regression Modeling
Summary
Further Reading
References
Experimental Design
Statistics and the Scientific Method
Designs with One Categorical Factor
Several Categorical Factors: the Full Factorial Design
Are Interactions Important?
Factor Screening: Fractional Factorial Designs
Determining the Confounding Pattern
Design Resolution
Working with Screening Designs
Continuous Factors: Regression and Response Surface Methods
Summary
Further Reading
References
Phase I: Planning
The Three Phases of Research
Experiment 1: Visual Orientation in a Beetle
Experiment 2: Lift-Off Length in a Diesel Engine
Finding Out What is Not Known
Determining the Scope
Tools for Generating Hypotheses
Thought Experiments
Planning Checklist
Summary
References
Phase II: Data Collection
Generating Understanding from Data
Measurement Uncertainty
Developing a Measurement System
Measurement System Analysis
The Data Collection Plan
Summary
Further Reading
References
Phase III: Analysis and Synthesis
Turning Data into Information
Graphical Analysis
Mathematical Analysis
Writing a Scientific Paper
Writing a Ph.D. Thesis
Farewell
Summary
Further Reading
References
Appendix
Standard Normal Probabilities
Probability Points for the f-Distribution
Index


Edition: 2nd 2012
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Limited
Binding: Trade Paper
Pages: 288
Size: 7.50" wide x 9.50" long x 0.50" tall
Weight: 1.10 lbs.
Language: English

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