The author has a Ph.D, degree from UCLA inendocrine physiology, and took advanced study at the University of London as Squibb Fellow of the Endocrine Society. He is Professor Emeritus of Biology and of Exercise Science, University of Iowa, and has held visiting professorships in endocrinology at the American Medical Association's Institute for Biomedical Research, and in physiology at the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine. Dr. Spaziani has published over seventy research articles and reviews on hormonal systems in leading national and international scientific journals. His scientific work was supported by The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation.