Presenting unconventional and challenging viewpoints with relevance fields such as AI, psychology, cybernetics and systems science, this text examines the current impasse in AI.
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| Preface | |
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| Cybernetics: Origins and Aims | |
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| Origins | |
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| Understanding | |
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| Theories | |
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| Neuroscience | |
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| Visual Pathways | |
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| Microtubule Computation | |
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| Memory | |
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| C fibres | |
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| Orange, New Jersey | |
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| Artificial Intelligence | |
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| Wider Applications | |
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Appendix to
Chapter 1: Early History | |
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| Summary of Chapter 1 | |
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| Where to Start? | |
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| Brains and Computers | |
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| Discrete Logic | |
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| Meaning of "Logic" | |
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| Laws of Form | |
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| Associative Recall | |
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| The Binding Problem | |
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| Models | |
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| Conditioned Reflex | |
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| Application to Process Control | |
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| Boxes | |
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| Learning Filters | |
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| Classification versus Tuning | |
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| Nontrivial Machines | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Summary of Chapter 2 | |
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| Continuous versus Discrete | |
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| The Continuous Environment | |
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| Catastrophe Theory and Dissipative Structures | |
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| Nervous System | |
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| Evolution and Learning | |
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| Near Misses | |
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| Logic | |
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| AI and Computers | |
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| The Ashby-Bellman Debate | |
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| Summary of Chapter 3 | |
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| Adaptation, Self-Organisation, Learning | |
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| Adaptation in Continuous Environments | |
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| Even and Odd Objective Functions | |
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| Optimisation without a Model | |
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| Optimisation with a Model | |
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| Models | |
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| Error Decorrelation | |
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| Self-Organisation | |
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| JANET | |
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| Checkers | |
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| Pandemonium | |
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| Emergence of Concepts | |
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| Bacterial Chemotaxis | |
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| Daisyworld | |
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Appendix to
Chapter 4: Statistics as Running Values | |
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| Running Values | |
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| Weighting Patterns | |
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| Exponential Smoothing | |
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| Digital Precision | |
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| Summary of Chapter 4 | |
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| Backpropagation | |
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| Learning in Nets | |
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| Multilayer Operation | |
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| Local Goals | |
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| Significance Feedback | |
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| Evidence from Biology | |
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| Structured Feedback | |
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| Summary of Chapter 5 | |
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| Self-Reference | |
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| Consciousness | |
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| Hierarchies | |
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| Everyday Self-Reference | |
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| Nontrivial Machines and Paradox | |
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| Godel's Incompleteness Theorem | |
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| Induction and Deduction | |
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| Double Bind and Creativity | |
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| Summary of Chapter 6 | |
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| Fractal Intelligence | |
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| Is Intelligence Fractal | |
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| Elementary Exemplification | |
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| Fractal Intelligence | |
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| Summary of Chapter 7 | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Motivation | |
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| Is Artificial Intelligence Possible? | |
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| Probably Academic | |
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| Summary of Chapter 8 | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
