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Mushrooms as Functional Foods

Cheung, Peter C.
ISBN-10: 0470054069
ISBN-13: 9780470054062

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Food scientists will dig into this robust reference on mushrooms Mushrooms as Functional Foods is a compendium of current research on the chemistry and biology, nutritional and medicinal value, and the use of mushrooms in the modern functional foods industry. Topics covered range from the agricultural production of mushrooms to the use of molecular biological techniques like functional genomics; from nutritional values of newly cultivated mushroom species to the multifunctional effects of the unconventional form of mushroom (sclerotium); from the physiological benefits and pharmacological properties of bioactive components in mushrooms to the regulation of their use as functional foods and dietary supplements in different parts of the world.
With contributions from leading experts worldwide, this comprehensive reference: Reviews trends in mushroom use and research, with extensive information on emerging species Includes coverage of cultivation, physiology, and genetics Highlights applications in functional foods and medicinal use Covers worldwide regulations and safety issues of mushrooms in functional foods and dietary supplements Discusses the classification, identification, and commercial collection of newly cultivated mushroom species Features a color insert with photographs of different types of mushrooms This is an integrated, single-source reference for undergraduates majoring in food science and nutrition, postgraduates, and professional food scientists and technologists working in the functional food area, and medical and health science professionals interested in alternative medicines and natural food therapies.Mushrooms as Functional Foods provides up-to-date information on the chemistry and biology, cultivation, nutritional and medicinal value, and use of mushrooms in the modern functional foods industry. It covers physiology and genetics and highlights applications for functional food, such as sclerotia, and medicinal uses. It discusses the classification, identification, and commercial collection of truffles, morels, and newly cultivated species and covers regulatory issues. An insert has color photographs of various types of mushrooms. This is the definitive reference for food scientists, pharmaceutical scientists working with mushrooms, mycologists, students, and others.* An up-to-date guide covering the chemistry, biology, cultivation, nutritional and medicinal value, and use of mushrooms in the modern functional foods industry * Includes coverage of cultivation, physiology, and genetics * Covers worldwide regulations and safety issues of mushrooms in functional foods and dietary supplements * Discusses classification, identification, and commercial collection of truffles, morels, and newly cultivated species * Contains a four colour insert with photographs of the different types of mushrooms discussed
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Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Overview of Mushroom Cultivation and Utilization as Functional Foods
Introduction
What Are Mushrooms?
Definition of a Mushroom
Ecological Classification of Mushrooms
Identification of Mushrooms
Concept of Mushroom Biology and Applied Mushroom Biology
Mushroom Biology
Applied Mushroom Biology
Impact of Applied Mushroom Biology
Nongreen Revolution
Mushroom Bioremediation
Mushroom Cultivation
Major Phases of Mushroom Cultivation
Cultivation of Several Selected Mushrooms
Cultivation of it Agaricus
Cultivation of Lentinula edodes
Cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju
Cultivation of Volvariella
Cultivation of Agaricus brasiliensis
Cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum
Utilization of Mushroom Germplasm
World Mushroom Production
Mushroom Biotechnology
Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Mushrooms
Nutriceuticals and Dietary Supplements
Development of World Mushroom Industry Movements
International Movement for Edible Mushrooms
International Movement for Medicinal Mushrooms
International Movement for Wild Mushrooms
Concluding Remarks
References
Molecular Analysis and Genomic Studies of Shiitake Mushroom Lentinula edodes
Introduction
Isolation of Genes
Growth
Substrate-Utilizing Genes
Development
Mating-Type Genes
Genes Differentially Expressed in Dikaryotic Mycelium
Genes for Initial Fruiting Bodies/Primordium Formation
Genes for Mature Fruiting Bodies Formation
Physiological Processes in Lentinula edodes
Signal Transduction
Energy Production
Structural Proteins in Development
Molecular Genetics
Generation of Markers
Typing/Fingerprinting
Genetic Mapping
Functional Genomic Approaches for Gene Expression Analysis
Differential Display: RAP-PCR
cDNA Representation Difference Analysis
SAGE and LongSAGE
SAGE Profiles: Mycelium to Primordium
SAGE Profiles: Fruiting Bodies
cDNA Microarray
Expressed Sequence Tag
Yeast Two-Hybrid System
Sequencing-by-Synthesis Approach (454 Life Science)
Transcriptional Regulation
Transcriptional Factors
Promoter Analysis
Transformation
Transformation Methods
PEG-Mediated Transformation
Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration
Others
Lentinula edodes Genes Used in Transformation
Process Analysis
Postharvest Studies
Stress Responses
Studies of Temperature Stress in Mushrooms
Studies of Molecular Chaperones in Fungi
Lignocellulose Degradation
Meiosis
Conclusion
References
Nutritional Value and Health Benefits of Mushrooms
Introduction
Wild and Cultivated Edible Mushrooms
Production of Cultivated Mushrooms
Nutritional Composition
Conventional Edible Mushrooms
Moisture
Protein and Amino Acids
Fat
Ash and Minerals
Vitamins
Dietary Fiber
Carbohydrates
Energy
Other Components
Newly Cultivated/Nonconventional Mushrooms
Nutritional Evaluation
General Aspects
Biological Methods for Nutritional Evaluation
Mushroom Protein Quality
Health Benefits of Edible Mushrooms
General Aspects
Antioxidants in Mushrooms
Bioactive Components and Their Antioxidative Activities
Characterization of Mushroom Phenolic Antioxidants
Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds from Mushrooms or Fungi
Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Mushrooms
Hypoglycemic Effect of Mushrooms
Conclusion
References
Sclerotia: Emerging Functional Food Derived from Mushrooms
Introduction
Concepts of Mushroom Sclerotia
Ontogeny of Sclerotia
Morphological Aspects
Physiological Aspects
Translocation
Exudation
Structure of Sclerotia
Rind
Cortex
Medulla
Cultivation of Mushroom Sclerotia
Sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer
Sclerotia of Polyporus rhinocerus Cooke
Sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos (Schw.) Ryv. Et Gilbn [Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf]
Biochemical, Nutritional, and Technological Characteristics of Mushroom Sclerotia
Biochemical Components of Mushroom Sclerotia
Cell Walls
Extracellular Matrix
Cytoplasmic Reserves
Nutritional Evaluation of Mushroom Sclerotia
Proximate Composition
Sclerotial Dietary Fiber
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Mushroom Sclerotial DF
Biopharmacological Values of Mushroom Sclerotia of
In Vitro Mineral Binding Capacity
In Vitro Fermentability
In Vivo Ca and Mg Absorption
Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities
Conclusion
References
Antitumor and Immunomodulatory Activities of Mushroom Polysaccharides
Introduction
Antitumor Polysaccharides from Mushrooms (Higher Fungi)
Mechanisms of Antitumor Action of Mushroom Polysaccharides
Antiproliferation of Cancer Cells and Induction of Apoptosis
Immunomodulation
Effects of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Macrophages and Spleen Cells
Effects of Mushroom Polysaccharides on NK Cells
Effects of Mushroom Polysaccharides on DCs
Effects of Mushroom Polysaccharides on Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Antimetastasis
Antiangiogenesis
Structure and Antitumor Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides
Effect of Molecular Mass
Impact of Branching Configuration
Relationship of Antitumor Activity and Conformation
Improvement of Antitumor Activity by Chemical Modifications
Conclusions
References
Regulatory Issues of Mushrooms as Functional Foods and Dietary Supplements: Safety and Efficacy
Introduction
Legal and Regulatory Issues of Introducing and Controlling Dietary Supplements from Medicinal Mushrooms in Different Countries
World Health Organization Guidelines
Codex Alimentarius
United States
European Union
Canada
Australia and New Zealand
Japan
Israel
Safety and Diversity of Dietary Supplement Types from Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms
Submerged Culturing as Best Technique for Obtaining Consistent and Safe Mushroom Products
Experiences of Seven Countries in Consolidating Their Food Safety Systems
Summary
References
Index


Edition: 2008
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Binding: Trade Cloth
Pages: 268
Size: 6.00" wide x 9.00" long x 0.75" tall
Weight: 1.19 lbs.
Language: English

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