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| Preface | |
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| The Nature of Prejudice | |
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| Definitions of Prejudice and Attitudes | |
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| Definition of Discrimination | |
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| Relationship Between Prejudice and Behavior | |
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| Stereotypes | |
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| Stigmas | |
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| Untouchability and the Consequences of Being Stigmatized | |
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| Psychological Consequences of African-American Slavery | |
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| Theories of Prejudice and Discrimination: Individual and Cultural/Historical Influences | |
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| The Authoritarian Personality | |
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| Patriarchy and Female Socialization | |
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| The Present Theoretical View | |
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| Summary | |
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| Plan of the Book | |
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| An Evolutionary Model for the Development of Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Canalization | |
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| Genes, Mind, and Culture | |
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| Behavior Genetics | |
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| Hunter-Gatherer Minds in Postindustrial Bodies | |
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| The Primate Heritage | |
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| Old World Monkeys and Apes | |
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| The Hunter-Gatherer Heritage | |
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| Inclusive Fitness | |
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| Authority-Bearing Systems | |
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| Intergroup Hostility--Heritage From the Common Ancestor of Apes and Humans | |
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| Gene Flow and Outgroup Attractiveness | |
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| Identification of Tribe Members and Multigroup Membership | |
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| Development of a Group Identity | |
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| Intergroup Behavior | |
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| Hunter-Gatherer Minds Revisited | |
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| Summary | |
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| Discrimination Toward Deaf Individuals | |
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| Methodological Considerations | |
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| Prejudice | |
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| Discrimination | |
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| Overview of the Cultural and Historical Bases of Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Brief Educational History of American Deaf Children | |
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| Development of Discrimination Toward Deaf Individuals | |
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| Summary | |
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| Prejudice and Discrimination Toward Mentally Retarded Individuals | |
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| Brief Educational History of American Children With Mental Retardation | |
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| Development of Prejudice Toward People With Mental Retardation | |
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| Development of Discrimination Toward People With Mental Retardation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Prejudice and Discrimination Against the Opposite Sex | |
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| Brief Cultural History of the Role of Females in American Society | |
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| Antecedents of Opposite-Sex Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Genetic/Evolutionary Predispositions | |
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| Cultural Norms | |
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| Socialization of Sex-Typing | |
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| Parents' Socialization of Sex-Typing | |
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| Influence of Family Type on Socialization | |
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| Influence of Peers and Teachers on Socialization | |
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| Development of Opposite-Sex Prejudice | |
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| Indirect Measures | |
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| Direct Measures | |
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| Development of Opposite-Sex Discrimination | |
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| Summary | |
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| A Cultural History of African Americans | |
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| Brief Cultural History of African Americans | |
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| Brown v. Board of Education | |
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| Development of Ethnic Identity | |
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| Comparisons Among the Histories | |
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| Summary | |
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| Race Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Development of Race Prejudice | |
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| White Children and Adolescents | |
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| Black Children and Adolescents | |
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| Development of Race Discrimination | |
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| Behavioral Observations | |
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| Self-Reports | |
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| Sociometric Experiments | |
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| Comparison of Prejudice and Discrimination of the Target Groups | |
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| Summary | |
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| Modifying Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Predictions | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| Measures Employed | |
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| Desegregation | |
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| The Studies | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| Mainstreaming | |
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| The Prejudice and Discrimination Studies | |
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| The Social and Academic Skill Studies | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| Cooperative Interaction | |
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| The Studies | |
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| Opposite-Sex Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Racial and Ethnic Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Discrimination Toward the Disabled | |
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| Competitive Studies | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| The Media | |
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| The Studies | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| Role-Playing Simulations | |
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| The Studies | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| Individuation and Self-Acceptance | |
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| Research on Children | |
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| Research on Adults | |
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| Individuation of Others | |
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| Contact Theory | |
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| Lewinian Theory | |
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| A Multiple Factor Approach | |
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| Summary | |
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| Parents, Peers, and Personality | |
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| Parental Influences on Children's Prejudice | |
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| Peer Influences on Children's Prejudice | |
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| Personality Influences on Prejudice | |
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| Religious Beliefs and Practices | |
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| Right-Wing Authoritarianism | |
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| Social Dominance Orientation | |
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| Humanitarianism--Egalitarianism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Recapitulation | |
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| Dominant and Subordinate Groups | |
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| Cultural Change | |
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| Genetic/Evolutionary Predispositions | |
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| Development of Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Modifying Prejudice and Discrimination | |
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| Parents, Peers, and Personality | |
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| A Final Note | |
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| References | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
