| Contributor contact details | p. ix |
| An analysis of welding process monitoring and control | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Welding process as a system | p. 1 |
| Welding process as a complex system | p. 4 |
| Welding process as an uncertain system | p. 6 |
| Monitoring of welding processes | p. 7 |
| Overview of the book | p. 10 |
| References | p. 11 |
| Monitoring technologies | p. 13 |
| Arc sensors in weld monitoring | p. 15 |
| Introduction | p. 15 |
| Background | p. 15 |
| Non-consumable electrode processes | p. 20 |
| Consumable electrode processes | p. 25 |
| Power supply considerations | p. 31 |
| Signal processing and control approaches | p. 36 |
| Future trends | p. 39 |
| Sources of further information and advice | p. 41 |
| List of symbols and abbreviations | p. 41 |
| References | p. 43 |
| Optical sensors in welding | p. 45 |
| Introduction | p. 45 |
| Knowledge of optics | p. 46 |
| Optical sensor component | p. 52 |
| Optical sensing system | p. 62 |
| Application of optical sensors | p. 69 |
| References | p. 72 |
| Infrared sensors in welding | p. 74 |
| Introduction | p. 74 |
| Theory of infrared sensors | p. 74 |
| Measurement of weld temperature distribution | p. 80 |
| Infrared sensors for real-time weld quality control | p. 82 |
| Summary | p. 99 |
| References | p. 99 |
| Ultrasonic sensors in welding | p. 104 |
| Introduction | p. 104 |
| Principles of ultrasonic sensing | p. 105 |
| Ultrasonic techniques and their applications | p. 110 |
| Future trends | p. 122 |
| Summary | p. 123 |
| Sources of further information and advice | p. 124 |
| References | p. 124 |
| Monitoring of welding processes | p. 129 |
| Weld seam monitoring | p. 131 |
| Introduction | p. 131 |
| Methods of weld seam monitoring | p. 131 |
| Through-arc monitoring of weld seams in gas metal arc welding | p. 132 |
| Electromagnetic monitoring of weld seams in gas metal arc welding | p. 150 |
| Laser visual monitoring of weld seams in gas metal arc welding | p. 152 |
| References | p. 162 |
| Weld profile monitoring | p. 164 |
| Necessity for weld profile measurement | p. 164 |
| Outline of weld profile | p. 165 |
| Surface shaping defects | p. 170 |
| Automatic detection of weld profile | p. 172 |
| References | p. 184 |
| Weld penetration monitoring | p. 186 |
| Introduction | p. 186 |
| Weld pool oscillation sensor | p. 187 |
| Infrared sensor | p. 191 |
| Ultrasonic sensor | p. 193 |
| Vision-based sensor | p. 195 |
| Weld pool sag depression | p. 196 |
| Plasma charge-based sensors | p. 199 |
| Weld penetration control using sensor feedback | p. 205 |
| Summary | p. 209 |
| References | p. 211 |
| Weld pool surface monitoring | p. 213 |
| Vision-based sensing 2D surface geometry of weld pool in gas tungsten arc welding | p. 213 |
| Sensing 2D weld pool boundary in gas metal arc welding | p. 217 |
| Modeling and simulation of weld pool surface | p. 220 |
| Sensing 3D weld pool surface using specular reflection | p. 229 |
| Improvement on observation of dynamic 3D weld pool surface | p. 232 |
| References | p. 236 |
| Monitoring resistance welding | p. 238 |
| Introduction | p. 238 |
| Resistance spot welding systems, weld formation and signals | p. 239 |
| Real-time process monitoring and control | p. 245 |
| Future trends | p. 255 |
| Sources of further information and advice | p. 258 |
| Acknowledgment | p. 258 |
| References | p. 258 |
| Monitoring laser welding | p. 260 |
| Introduction | p. 260 |
| Principles of laser welding | p. 260 |
| Optical sensing | p. 263 |
| Frequency analyses of acoustic and optical emissions | p. 274 |
| Smart systems | p. 278 |
| Other systems and future trends | p. 280 |
| References | p. 284 |
| Index | p. 289 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |