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Orthopaedic bone Cements

Deb, S.
ISBN-10: 1420093029
ISBN-13: 9781420093025

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1 new from $391.43

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Table of Contents

Author Bios

With an increasing number of bone cements available, it is vital that the correct material is selected for specific clinical procedures. A review of the most recent research in this field, this book covers such topics as hip replacements, verteboplasty and wear particles and osteolysis. It reviews materials and types of cement such as acrylic, polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cements and address the mechanical properties of bone cements such as fracture toughness and dynamic creep.

The book closes with an examination of methods to enhance the properties of bone cements such as antibiotic loaded bone cements and bioactive cements.

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Contributor contact details	p. xii
Bone cements in medicine	p. 1
Bone disease	p. 3
Bone disease	p. 3
Osteoporosis	p. 8
Osteomalacia and rickets	p. 15
Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)	p. 18
Malignancy	p. 20
Hyperparathyroidism	p. 25
Osteomyelitis	p. 26
Prosthesis-related infection	p. 28
Current state of the use of bone cement in the United Kingdom	p. 30
Other potentially useful applications of cements in bone	p. 33
Summary	p. 34
Acknowledgement	p. 34
References	p. 34
Hip replacements	p. 41
Introduction	p. 41
General principles	p. 42
Bone cements	p. 43
Fixation of components with cement	p. 44
Long-term results	p. 44
Long-term problems	p. 45
Future trends	p. 46
References	p. 46
Knee replacements	p. 48
Relevant anatomy of the knee joint	p. 48
Conditions causing knee arthritis	p. 49
Clinical and radiological assessment of an arthritic knee	p. 52
Treatment options for osteoarthritis	p. 54
Indicators for total knee replacement	p. 56
Evolution of knee replacements	p. 57
Implant design rationales	p. 58
The cemented total knee replacement	p. 63
Future trends	p. 70
References	p. 70
Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty	p. 74
Introduction	p. 74
Vertebral compression fractures	p. 74
Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty	p. 77
Clinical outcomes	p. 78
Clinical experiences with injectable bone cements	p. 81
Future trends	p. 86
References	p. 87
Antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) spacers in hip surgery	p. 92
Introduction	p. 92
Construction of hip spacers	p. 94
Diagnosis of infection	p. 95
Consistency and function of antibiotic-loaded hip spacers	p. 96
Mechanical stability and behaviour of hip spacers	p. 97
Pathogenic organisms	p. 98
Antibiotic choice	p. 98
Antibiotic elution	p. 100
Clinical experience	p. 101
Girdlestone or spacer?	p. 107
New techniques	p. 108
Conclusions	p. 108
References	p. 109
Commercial aspects and delivery systems of bone cements	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Commercial aspects: cemented versus cementless fixation	p. 114
Mixing and delivery systems of bone cements	p. 121
Regulatory aspects	p. 135
Future trends	p. 136
Conclusions	p. 137
References	p. 137
Wear particles and osteolysis	p. 140
Introduction	p. 140
Cellular cascade and mediators of osteolysis	p. 141
Morphology and bioreactivity of wear debris	p. 143
Osteolysis	p. 144
Cement debris	p. 146
Polyethylene wear debris	p. 150
Metallic wear debris	p. 152
Ceramic wear debris	p. 153
Future trends	p. 154
References	p. 155
Materials	p. 165
Acrylic bone cement: genesis and evolution	p. 167
Introduction	p. 167
Hip and knee joint	p. 169
Acrylic bone cement	p. 170
Regulatory perspectives	p. 175
Sterilization of bone cements	p. 176
Fluoride and other additives in bone cements	p. 178
Other applications of acrylic bone cement	p. 179
Conclusions	p. 180
References	p. 181
Poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cement: chemical composition and chemistry	p. 183
Introduction	p. 183
Chemical composition	p. 184
Setting process	p. 186
Polymerisation reaction and kinetics	p. 187
Free radical studies on acrylic bone cements	p. 190
Curing parameters: standards	p. 191
Rheology of acrylic home cements	p. 193
Low molecular weight residuals after curing	p. 195
Future trends	p. 197
References	p. 200
Calcium phosphate bone cements	p. 206
Introduction	p. 206
Historical overview: calcium phosphate cements versus acrylic cements	p. 207
Chemistry of calcium phosphate cements	p. 208
Basic properties of calcium phosphate cements	p. 213
Applications of calcium phosphate cements: present and future perspectives	p. 221
References	p. 224
Properties of bone cement	p. 231
Mechanical properties of bone cements	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Nature and structure of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement	p. 234
Test standards	p. 236
Mechanical properties: short-term strength of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement	p. 239
Factors affecting the microstructure-mechanical properties relationship	p. 249
Modification of acrylic bone cements	p. 256
Summary	p. 256
References	p. 257
Fracture toughness and fatigue characteristics of bone cements	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Factors affecting fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of bone cement	p. 265
The effect of loading mode on fracture and fatigue	p. 266
The effect of porosity on fracture and fatigue	p. 272
The effect of inclusions on fracture and fatigue	p. 274
The effect of cement chemistry on fracture and fatigue	p. 275
Bone cement failure in joint replacements	p. 277
Failure at interfaces	p. 279
Residual stress and the initiation of damage	p. 281
Viscoelasticity, creep and creep-fatigue interaction	p. 282
Fracture and fatigue properties	p. 283
References	p. 285
Dynamic mechanical properties of bone cements	p. 296
A brief introduction to viscoelasticity in polymers	p. 296
Regions of viscoelasticity	p. 297
Theory of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)	p. 299
Material properties measured through dynamic mechanical analysis	p. 301
Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of polymeric biomaterials	p. 302
Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of bone cements	p. 303
Future trends	p. 307
Conclusions	p. 308
References	p. 308
Enhancing the properties of bone cements	p. 311
Antibiotic-loaded bone cements	p. 313
Introduction	p. 313
Demands on acrylic bone cement systems	p. 315
Antibiotic-loaded bone cements	p. 316
The effect of antibiotics on the mechanical properties of the bone cement	p. 318
Release of antibiotics from bone cements	p. 321
Other additives in bone cement	p. 327
Conclusions	p. 328
References	p. 328
Modifications of bone cements	p. 332
Introduction	p. 332
Modulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of bone cements and the consequences on the properties and behaviour of such formulations	p. 334
Control of the flexibility or stiffness of acrylic cement formulations	p. 340
Modification of formulations with bioactive and functionalised components with pharmacological activity	p. 343
Improvement and modulation of the radiopaque character	p. 346
New biohybrid composites for bone and cartilage regeneration	p. 349
Future directions in the design and development of cements with specific properties	p. 350
References	p. 351
Design of bioactive bone cement based on organic-inorganic hybrids	p. 358
The need for bioactive bone cements	p. 358
How do materials exhibit bioactivity?	p. 359
Design of bioactive bone cements using bioactive ceramics	p. 364
Bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids	p. 365
Design of bioactive bone cements based on organic-inorganic hybrids	p. 369
Conclusions	p. 372
References	p. 372
Clinical aspects of calcium phosphate bone cements	p. 377
Introduction	p. 377
Material characteristics	p. 378
Surgical technique	p. 382
Complications during surgery	p. 383
Clinical applications	p. 386
Future trends	p. 396
References	p. 397
Index	p. 401
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

List price:
Edition:	2008
Publisher:	C R C Press LLC
Binding:	Trade Cloth
Pages:	320
Size:	6.25" wide x 9.25" long x 1.00" tall
Weight:	1.69 lbs.
Language:	English

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